Vivendi games mobile дочерние компании vivendi

Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.

Vivendi Games

Vivendi Games Logo.png
Vivendi Universal Games Headquarters.jpg

Vivendi Universal Games’ headquarters at 6080 Center Drive in Los Angeles in 2001
Formerly
  • CUC Software
  • (1996–1997)
  • Cendant Software
  • (1997–1998)
  • Havas Interactive
  • (1998–2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing
  • (2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Games
  • (2001–2006)
Type Division
Industry Video games
Founded July 24, 1996; 26 years ago in Torrance, California
Defunct July 10, 2008; 14 years ago
Fate Merged with Activision
Successor Activision Blizzard
Headquarters

Los Angeles, California

,

U.S.

Area served

 North America, Europe

Key people

 Bruce Hack (CEO)
Parent
  • CUC International
  • (1996–1997)
  • Cendant
  • (1997–1998)
  • Vivendi Universal Publishing
  • (1998–2003)
  • Vivendi
  • (2003–2008)

HistoryEdit

CUC/CendantEdit

On February 21, 1996, CUC International announced its intention to acquire Davidson & Associates (including Blizzard Entertainment) and Sierra On-Line, two American video game companies, in a US$1.8 billion stock swap.[1] The deal closed on July 24, 1996.[2] CUC International previously only operated membership shopping clubs, wherefore analysts were surprised by the company’s move into the software industry.[1]

Subsequently, following the acquisitions, CUC International established CUC Software around the Torrance, California-based operations of Davidson & Associates to oversee the new video game properties.[3] Under that new umbrella, both Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line would act independently from CUC International.[4] Bod Davidson, co-founder of Davidson & Associates, became chairman and chief executive of the new establishment.[5] On November 5 that year, CUC International announced that they would additionally acquire Knowledge Adventure, another developer, in a stock deal valued between $50 million and US$100 million.[5] The acquisition was completed on February 3, 1997.[3] On February 10, Davidson announced that he had stepped down from his positions at CUC Software, and that his wife, Jan, ceased as president of Davidson & Associates, while both Davidsons stayed on CUC International’s board of directors.[3] Christopher McLeod, an executive vice-president for CUC International, took over CUC Software in Bob Davidson’s place.[3] In April 1997, CUC International acquired Berkeley Systems for an undisclosed sum.[6]

On May 28, 1997, CUC International announced plans to merge with Hospitality Franchise Systems to create a single, «one-stop» entity.[7][8] The merger was finalized in December that year and created Cendant.[9] As a result of the merger, CUC Software was renamed Cendant Software.[10]

Havas/VivendiEdit

On November 20, 1998, French media company Havas (acquired by Vivendi earlier that year) announced that it would acquire Cendant Software for $800 million in cash, with up to an additional $200 million contingent on its performance.[11][12] Subsequently, the division was renamed Havas Interactive.[13]

On May 16, 2001, Havas Interactive was renamed Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing, while Havas itself became Vivendi Universal Publishing.[14] The new name was likely due to the merger between Universal and Vivendi; the company also received ownership of properties from Universal Interactive Studios. Under the new name, the company was split into two parts: Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing North America and Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing International, both of which took responsibility for their respective publishing regions.[14] On November 13, 2001, both parts were streamlined under the name Vivendi Universal Games.[15]

When Vivendi Universal sold all of its media operations to General Electric in October 2003, Vivendi Universal held on to Vivendi Universal Games, which was re-organized as a direct division of the conglomerate.[16] On March 3, 2006, with the sale completed, Vivendi Universal announced they would be dropping the «Universal» part of their name.[17] The same day, the company opened a mobile games division known as Vivendi Universal Games Mobile.[18]

Merger with ActivisionEdit

In December 2007, American publisher Activision announced a proposed merger deal with Vivendi Games that would create a new holding company named Activision Blizzard.[19][20] The deal was approved by Activision’s shareholders on July 8, 2008,[20] and the merger was finalized on July 10, creating Activision Blizzard while dissolving Vivendi Games.[21] Bruce Hack, who served as chief executive officer of Vivendi Games, became vice-chairman and chief corporate officer of the new company.[21] Many of Vivendi Games’ properties were later dropped by Activision, citing that they would not make for a good fit for the company’s long-term strategy.[22]

SubsidiariesEdit

PublishersEdit

Name Founded or acquired Ref.
Black Label Games August 2002 [23][24]
Fox Interactive March 2003[a] [25]
NDA Productions March 2002 [26][27]
Sierra Entertainment July 1996 [28]
Universal Interactive June 2000[b] [29][30]
Vivendi Games Mobile March 2006 [31]

FormerEdit

Centerscore September 2006 [32][33]

DevelopersEdit

Name Founded or acquired Ref.
Blizzard Entertainment March 1994 [34]
Berkeley Systems April 1997 [35]
Davidson & Associates July 1996 [36]
High Moon Studios January 2006 [37]
Massive Entertainment October 2002 [38][39]
Radical Entertainment March 2005 [40][41]
Swordfish Studios June 2005 [42]
Wanako Games February 2007 [43][44][45]

FormerEdit

GamesEdit

NotesEdit

  1. ^ Acquired from News Corporation in March 2003, became label.
  2. ^ Absorbed through the Vivendi–Universal merger in June 2000, became label.

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ a b Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  2. ^ «CUC INTERNATIONAL INC. COMPLETES ACQUISITIONS OF DAVIDSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SIERRA ON-LINE, INC». PR Newswire. July 24, 1996.
  3. ^ a b c d KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). «Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  4. ^ HELM, LESLIE (February 21, 1996). «Marketer CUC to Buy Davidson & Associates». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  5. ^ a b KAPLAN, KAREN (November 6, 1996). «CUC Will Buy Knowledge Adventure». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  6. ^ «CUC Buys Content Maker Berkeley Systems». Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  7. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (May 28, 1997). «$11 Billion Merger Plan Would Join HFS and CUC». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  8. ^ «CUC-HFS Merger Deal to Create Strong One-Stop-Shopping Entity». Associated Press. May 28, 1997. Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  9. ^ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). «CUC Gets Renamed». gamespot.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  10. ^ «CUC Now Cendant». Game Developer. UBM TechWeb. March 1998. p. 13.
  11. ^ Hansell, Saul (November 20, 1998). «Cendant Said to Near Sale of Software Division». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  12. ^ «Cendant Sells Software Unit». Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  13. ^ «Vivendi’s High Wireless Act». Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  14. ^ a b «Havas Interactive Changes Name To Vivendi». gamasutra.com. May 16, 2001. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  15. ^ Graser, Marc (November 15, 2001). «Viv U streamlines games». variety.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  16. ^ «General Electric buys Vivendi media empire». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  17. ^ «Vivendi Universal to shorten company name». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  18. ^ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  19. ^ Rosmarin, Rachel. «Vivendi To Merge With Activision». forbes.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  20. ^ a b Alexander, Leigh (July 8, 2008). «Activision Blizzard Merger Official». kotaku.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  21. ^ a b Alexander, Leigh (July 10, 2008). «Activision Blizzard Merger Finalized». kotaku.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  22. ^ Pattison, Narayan (July 29, 2008). «Activision Drops Several Vivendi Games». IGN.
  23. ^ Varanini, Giancarlo (August 13, 2002). «Vivendi creates new studio». gamespot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  24. ^ IGN Staff (August 13, 2002). «VU Creates Black Label Games». ign.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  25. ^ Pham, Alex (March 11, 2003). «Fox Sells Video Game Division to Vivendi». Retrieved July 22, 2018 – via LA Times.
  26. ^ «Un nuovo team per Vivendi Universal».
  27. ^ IGN Staff (November 13, 2002). «Europe Gets Hard Early». ign.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  28. ^ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  29. ^ «Buy Low, Sell High: Vivendi’s History in Video Games». Kotaku UK. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  30. ^ Teather, David (June 19, 2000). «Vivendi seals merger». the Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  31. ^ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  32. ^ «Vivendi acquires Centerscore». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  33. ^ Dobson, Jason (September 12, 2006). «Vivendi Acquires Centerscore, Expands Mobile Portfolio». gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  34. ^ Takahashi, Dean (March 1, 1994). «Technology». Retrieved July 22, 2018 – via LA Times.
  35. ^ «2K Madrid». 2K Madrid. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  36. ^ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  37. ^ «Vivendi Universal acquires High Moon Studios». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  38. ^ «Vivendi Universal Publishing announces the acquisition of Massive Entertainment — Blue’s News». www.bluesnews.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  39. ^ Parker, Sam (October 3, 2002). «Vivendi Universal acquires Massive Entertainment». gamespot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  40. ^ «VU Games acquires Simpsons: Hit & Run developer Radical Entertainment». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  41. ^ Jenkins, David (March 23, 2005). «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  42. ^ «Vivendi nets Swordfish in new acquisition deal». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  43. ^ «Vivendi Acquires Assault Heroes Developer». Wired. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  44. ^ Boyer, Brandon (February 20, 2007). «Vivendi Acquires Wanako Games». gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  45. ^ «Vivendi acquires Wanako Games». engadget.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  46. ^ KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). «Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  47. ^ «Vivendi Universal sells educational games division». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
Источник

Vivendi Games

Vivendi Games Logo.png
Formerly
  • CUC Software (1996–1997)
  • Cendant Software (1997–1998)
  • Havas Interactive (1998–2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing (2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Games (2001–2006)
Type Division
Industry Video game industry
Founded 24 July 1996; 26 years ago
Defunct 10 July 2008; 14 years ago
Fate Merged with Activision
Successor Activision Blizzard
Headquarters

Torrance, California

,

U.S.

Area served

 North America, Europe

Key people

 Bruce Hack (CEO)
Parent
  • CUC International (1996–1997)
  • Cendant (1997–1998)
  • Vivendi Universal Publishing (1998–2003)
  • Vivendi (2003–2008)

Vivendi Games (formerly CUC Software, Cendant Software, Havas Interactive, Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing and Vivendi Universal Games) was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Torrance, California. The company was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). In July 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.

History

On February 21, 1996, CUC International announced its intention to acquire Davidson & Associates (including Blizzard Entertainment) and Sierra On-Line, two American video game companies, in a US$1.8 billion stock swap.[1] The deal closed on July 24, 1996.[2] CUC International previously only operated membership shopping clubs, wherefore analysts were surprised by the company’s move into the software industry.[1] Subsequently following the acquisitions, CUC International established CUC Software around the Torrance, California-based operations of Davidson & Associates to oversee the new video game properties.[3] Under that new umbrella, both Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line would act independently from CUC International.[4] Bod Davidson, co-founder of Davidson & Associates, became chairman and chief executive of the new establishment.[5] On November 5 that year, CUC International announced that they would additionally acquire Knowledge Adventure, another developer, in a stock deal valued between $50 million and US$100 million.[5] The acquisition was completed on February 3, 1997.[3] On February 10, Davidson announced that he had stepped down from his positions at CUC Software, while his wife, Jan, ceased being president of Davidson & Associates, while both Davidsons stayed on CUC International’s board of directors.[3] Christopher McLeod, an executive vice-president for CUC International, took over CUC Software in Bob Davidson’s place.[3] In April 1997, CUC International acquired Berkeley Systems for an undisclosed sum.[6]

On May 28, 1997, CUC International announced plans to merge with Hospitality Franchise Systems to create a single, «one-stop» entity.[7][8] The merger was finalized in December that year and created Cendant.[9] As a result of the merger, CUC Software was renamed Cendant Software.[10] On November 20, 1998, French media company Havas announced that it would acquire Cendant Software for $800 million in cash and up to $200 million contingent on the performance of Cendant Software.[11][12] Subsequently, the division was renamed Havas Interactive.[13] On May 16, 2001, Havas Interactive was renamed Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing, while its direct parent, Havas, became Vivendi Universal Publishing.[14] Under the new name, the company was split into to parts: Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing North America and Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing International, both of which took responsibility for their respective publishing regions.[14] On November 13, 2001, both parts were streamlined under the name Vivendi Universal Games.[15] When Vivendi Universal sold all of its media operations to General Electric in October 2003, Vivendi Universal held on to Vivendi Universal Games, which was re-organized as a direct division of the conglomerate.[16] On March 3, 2006, Vivendi Universal renamed itself Vivendi, and Vivendi Universal Games was parallelly renamed Vivendi Games.[17] The same day, the company opened a mobile games division known as Vivendi Games Mobile.[18]

In December 2007, American publisher Activision announced a proposed merger deal with Vivendi Games that would create a new holding company named Activision Blizzard.[19][20] The deal was approved by Activision’s shareholders on July 8, 2008,[20] and the merger was finalized on July 10, creating Activision Blizzard while dissolving Vivendi Games.[21] Bruce Hack, who served as chief executive officer of Vivendi Games, became vice-chairman and chief corporate officer of the new company.[21]

Subsidiaries

Publishing

  • Coktel Vision; acquired by Sierra On-Line in May 1994,[22] sold to Mindscape in October 2005.[23]
  • Sierra Entertainment; acquired in July 1996.[1]
    • Sierra Online
      • Sierra Online Seattle; acquired in September 2006.[24]
      • Sierra Online Shanghai; acquired in September 2006.[24]
  • Vivendi Games Mobile; established in March 2006.[18]
    • Centerscore; acquired in September 2006.[25][26]
  • Universal Interactive, absorbed through the Vivendi–Universal merger in June 2000.[27][28]
  • NDA Productions[29]
  • Black Label Games, established in August 2002.[30][31]
  • Fox Interactive; acquired in March 2003.[32]

Development

  • Blizzard Entertainment; acquired by Davidson & Associates in March 1994.[33]
  • Davidson & Associates; acquired in July 1996.[1]
  • Knowledge Adventure; acquired in February 1997,[3] sold to Azure Capital Partners and Telesoft Partners in October 2004.[34]
  • Berkeley Systems; acquired in April 1997.[6]
  • Massive Entertainment; acquired in October 2002.[35][36]
  • Radical Entertainment; acquired in March 2005.[37][38]
  • Swordfish Studios; acquired in June 2005.[39]
  • High Moon Studios; acquired in January 2006.[40]
  • Wanako Games; acquired in February 2007.[41][42][43]
  • List of Vivendi Games video games

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Lewis, Peter H.. «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». https://www.nytimes.com/1996/02/21/business/cuc-will-buy-2-software-companies-for-1.8-billion.html. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  2. ↑ «CUC INTERNATIONAL INC. COMPLETES ACQUISITIONS OF DAVIDSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SIERRA ON-LINE, INC.». PR Newswire. July 24, 1996.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). «Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit». http://articles.latimes.com/1997-02-10/business/fi-27220_1_cuc-software. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  4. ↑ HELM, LESLIE (February 21, 1996). «Marketer CUC to Buy Davidson & Associates». http://articles.latimes.com/1996-02-21/business/fi-38256_1_bob-davidson. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 KAPLAN, KAREN (November 6, 1996). «CUC Will Buy Knowledge Adventure». http://articles.latimes.com/1996-11-06/business/fi-61744_1_knowledge-adventure. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 «CUC Buys Content Maker Berkeley Systems». https://www.wired.com/1997/04/cuc-buys-content-maker-berkeley-systems/. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  7. ↑ Bagli, Charles V.. «$11 Billion Merger Plan Would Join HFS and CUC». https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/28/business/11-billion-merger-plan-would-join-hfs-and-cuc.html. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  8. ↑ Press, From Associated (May 28, 1997). «CUC-HFS Merger Deal to Create Strong One-Stop-Shopping Entity». http://articles.latimes.com/1997-05-28/business/fi-63045_1_one-stop-shopping. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  9. ↑ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). «CUC Gets Renamed». https://www.gamespot.com/articles/cuc-gets-renamed/1100-2462150/. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  10. ↑ «CUC Now Cendant». Game Developer (UBM TechWeb): 13. March 1998. https://archive.org/stream/GDM_March_1998#page/n3.
  11. ↑ Hansell, Saul. «Cendant Said to Near Sale of Software Division». https://www.nytimes.com/1998/11/20/business/cendant-said-to-near-sale-of-software-division.html. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  12. ↑ «Cendant Sells Software Unit». https://www.wired.com/1998/11/cendant-sells-software-unit/. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  13. ↑ «Vivendi’s High Wireless Act». https://www.wired.com/2000/12/vivendi/. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 «Havas Interactive Changes Name To Vivendi». https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/91497/Havas_Interactive_Changes_Name_To_Vivendi.php. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  15. ↑ Graser, Marc (November 15, 2001). «Viv U streamlines games». https://variety.com/2001/digital/news/viv-u-streamlines-games-1117855872/. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  16. ↑ «General Electric buys Vivendi media empire». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/general-electric-buys-vivendi-media-empire. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  17. ↑ «Vivendi Universal to shorten company name». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-universal-to-shorten-company-name. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Maragos, Nich. «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/99344/Vivendi_Starts_Mobile_Phone_Gaming_Division.php. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  19. ↑ Rosmarin, Rachel. «Vivendi To Merge With Activision». https://www.forbes.com/2007/12/02/vivendi-computer-guitar-tech-media-cx_rr_1202activision.html. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Alexander, Leigh. «Activision Blizzard Merger Official». https://kotaku.com/5023049/activision-blizzard-merger-official. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Alexander, Leigh. «Activision Blizzard Merger Finalized». https://kotaku.com/5023808/activision-blizzard-merger-finalized. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  22. ↑ «L’américain Sierra-On-Line absorbe Coktel Vision — Les Echos». https://www.lesechos.fr/04/05/1994/LesEchos/16638-099-ECH_l-americain-sierra-on-line-absorbe-coktel-vision.htm. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  23. ↑ «VU Games cède Coktel à Mindscape». October 21, 2005. https://www.gamekult.com/actualite/vu-games-cede-coktel-a-mindscape-44419.html. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Boyer, Brandon. «Vivendi Acquires Secret Lair, Studio Ch’in». https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/102004/Vivendi_Acquires_Secret_Lair_Studio_Chin.php. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  25. ↑ «Vivendi acquires Centerscore». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-acquires-centerscore. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  26. ↑ Dobson, Jason. «Vivendi Acquires Centerscore, Expands Mobile Portfolio». https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/101792/Vivendi_Acquires_Centerscore_Expands_Mobile_Portfolio.php. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  27. ↑ «Buy Low, Sell High: Vivendi’s History in Video Games». http://www.kotaku.co.uk/2018/06/26/buy-low-sell-high-vivendis-history-in-video-games. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  28. ↑ Teather, David (June 19, 2000). «Vivendi seals merger». https://www.theguardian.com/business/2000/jun/19/media1. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  29. ↑ Staff, I. G. N. (November 13, 2002). «Europe Gets Hard Early». http://www.ign.com/articles/2002/11/13/europe-gets-hard-early. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  30. ↑ Varanini, Giancarlo (August 13, 2002). «Vivendi creates new studio». https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-creates-new-studio/1100-2877275/. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  31. ↑ Staff, I. G. N. (August 13, 2002). «VU Creates Black Label Games». http://www.ign.com/articles/2002/08/13/vu-creates-black-label-games. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  32. ↑ Pham, Alex (March 11, 2003). «Fox Sells Video Game Division to Vivendi». http://articles.latimes.com/2003/mar/11/business/fi-rup11.8. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  33. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (March 1, 1994). «Technology». http://articles.latimes.com/1994-03-01/business/fi-28733_1_video-game-developer. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  34. ↑ «Vivendi Universal sells educational games division». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-universal-sells-educational-games-division. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  35. ↑ «Vivendi Universal Publishing announces the acquisition of Massive Entertainment — Blue’s News». https://www.bluesnews.com/a/449/vivendi-universal-publishing-announces-the-acquisition-of-massive-entertainment. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  36. ↑ Parker, Sam (October 3, 2002). «Vivendi Universal acquires Massive Entertainment». https://www.gamespot.com/articles/vivendi-universal-acquires-massive-entertainment/1100-2882366/. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  37. ↑ «VU Games acquires Simpsons: Hit & Run developer Radical Entertainment». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vu-games-acquires-simpsons-hit-run-developer-radical-entertainment. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  38. ↑ Jenkins, David. «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/96131/Vivendi_Universal_Acquires_Simpsons_Hit__Run_Developer.php. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  39. ↑ «Vivendi nets Swordfish in new acquisition deal». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-nets-swordfish-in-new-acquisition-deal. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  40. ↑ «Vivendi Universal acquires High Moon Studios». https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/vivendi-universal-acquires-high-moon-studios. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  41. ↑ «Vivendi Acquires Assault Heroes Developer». https://www.wired.com/2007/02/vivendi-acquire/. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  42. ↑ Boyer, Brandon. «Vivendi Acquires Wanako Games». https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/103778/Vivendi_Acquires_Wanako_Games.php. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  43. ↑ «Vivendi acquires Wanako Games». https://www.engadget.com/2007/02/20/vivendi-acquires-wanako-games/. Retrieved July 21, 2018.

Источник

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Vivendi Games

Vivendi Games Logo.png
Vivendi Universal Games Headquarters.jpg

Vivendi Universal Games’ headquarters at 6080 Center Drive in Los Angeles in 2001
Formerly
  • CUC Software
  • (1996–1997)
  • Cendant Software
  • (1997–1998)
  • Havas Interactive
  • (1998–2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing
  • (2001)
  • Vivendi Universal Games
  • (2001–2006)
Type Division
Industry Video games
Founded July 24, 1996; 26 years ago in Torrance, California
Defunct July 10, 2008; 14 years ago
Fate Merged with Activision
Successor Activision Blizzard
Headquarters

Los Angeles, California

,

U.S.

Area served

 North America, Europe

Key people

 Bruce Hack (CEO)
Parent
  • CUC International
  • (1996–1997)
  • Cendant
  • (1997–1998)
  • Vivendi Universal Publishing
  • (1998–2003)
  • Vivendi
  • (2003–2008)

Vivendi Games was an American video game publisher and holding company based in Los Angeles. It was founded in 1996 as CUC Software, the publishing subsidiary of CUC International, after the latter acquired video game companies Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line. Between 1997 and 2001, the company switched parents and names multiple times before ending up organized under Vivendi Universal (later renamed Vivendi). On July 10, 2008, Vivendi Games merged with Activision to create Activision Blizzard.

History[edit]

CUC/Cendant[edit]

On February 21, 1996, CUC International announced its intention to acquire Davidson & Associates (including Blizzard Entertainment) and Sierra On-Line, two American video game companies, in a US$1.8 billion stock swap.[1] The deal closed on July 24, 1996.[2] CUC International previously only operated membership shopping clubs, wherefore analysts were surprised by the company’s move into the software industry.[1]

Subsequently, following the acquisitions, CUC International established CUC Software around the Torrance, California-based operations of Davidson & Associates to oversee the new video game properties.[3] Under that new umbrella, both Davidson & Associates and Sierra On-Line would act independently from CUC International.[4] Bod Davidson, co-founder of Davidson & Associates, became chairman and chief executive of the new establishment.[5] On November 5 that year, CUC International announced that they would additionally acquire Knowledge Adventure, another developer, in a stock deal valued between $50 million and US$100 million.[5] The acquisition was completed on February 3, 1997.[3] On February 10, Davidson announced that he had stepped down from his positions at CUC Software, and that his wife, Jan, ceased as president of Davidson & Associates, while both Davidsons stayed on CUC International’s board of directors.[3] Christopher McLeod, an executive vice-president for CUC International, took over CUC Software in Bob Davidson’s place.[3] In April 1997, CUC International acquired Berkeley Systems for an undisclosed sum.[6]

On May 28, 1997, CUC International announced plans to merge with Hospitality Franchise Systems to create a single, «one-stop» entity.[7][8] The merger was finalized in December that year and created Cendant.[9] As a result of the merger, CUC Software was renamed Cendant Software.[10]

Havas/Vivendi[edit]

On November 20, 1998, French media company Havas (acquired by Vivendi earlier that year) announced that it would acquire Cendant Software for $800 million in cash, with up to an additional $200 million contingent on its performance.[11][12] Subsequently, the division was renamed Havas Interactive.[13]

On May 16, 2001, Havas Interactive was renamed Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing, while Havas itself became Vivendi Universal Publishing.[14] The new name was likely due to the merger between Universal and Vivendi; the company also received ownership of properties from Universal Interactive Studios. Under the new name, the company was split into two parts: Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing North America and Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing International, both of which took responsibility for their respective publishing regions.[14] On November 13, 2001, both parts were streamlined under the name Vivendi Universal Games.[15]

When Vivendi Universal sold all of its media operations to General Electric in October 2003, Vivendi Universal held on to Vivendi Universal Games, which was re-organized as a direct division of the conglomerate.[16] On March 3, 2006, with the sale completed, Vivendi Universal announced they would be dropping the «Universal» part of their name.[17] The same day, the company opened a mobile games division known as Vivendi Universal Games Mobile.[18]

Merger with Activision[edit]

In December 2007, American publisher Activision announced a proposed merger deal with Vivendi Games that would create a new holding company named Activision Blizzard.[19][20] The deal was approved by Activision’s shareholders on July 8, 2008,[20] and the merger was finalized on July 10, creating Activision Blizzard while dissolving Vivendi Games.[21] Bruce Hack, who served as chief executive officer of Vivendi Games, became vice-chairman and chief corporate officer of the new company.[21] Many of Vivendi Games’ properties were later dropped by Activision, citing that they would not make for a good fit for the company’s long-term strategy.[22]

Subsidiaries[edit]

Publishers[edit]

Name Founded or acquired Ref.
Black Label Games August 2002 [23][24]
Fox Interactive March 2003[a] [25]
NDA Productions March 2002 [26][27]
Sierra Entertainment July 1996 [28]
Universal Interactive June 2000[b] [29][30]
Vivendi Games Mobile March 2006 [31]

Former[edit]

Centerscore September 2006 [32][33]

Developers[edit]

Name Founded or acquired Ref.
Blizzard Entertainment March 1994 [34]
Berkeley Systems April 1997 [35]
Davidson & Associates July 1996 [36]
High Moon Studios January 2006 [37]
Massive Entertainment October 2002 [38][39]
Radical Entertainment March 2005 [40][41]
Swordfish Studios June 2005 [42]
Wanako Games February 2007 [43][44][45]

Former[edit]

Games[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Acquired from News Corporation in March 2003, became label.
  2. ^ Absorbed through the Vivendi–Universal merger in June 2000, became label.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  2. ^ «CUC INTERNATIONAL INC. COMPLETES ACQUISITIONS OF DAVIDSON & ASSOCIATES, INC. AND SIERRA ON-LINE, INC». PR Newswire. July 24, 1996.
  3. ^ a b c d KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). «Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  4. ^ HELM, LESLIE (February 21, 1996). «Marketer CUC to Buy Davidson & Associates». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  5. ^ a b KAPLAN, KAREN (November 6, 1996). «CUC Will Buy Knowledge Adventure». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  6. ^ «CUC Buys Content Maker Berkeley Systems». Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  7. ^ Bagli, Charles V. (May 28, 1997). «$11 Billion Merger Plan Would Join HFS and CUC». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  8. ^ «CUC-HFS Merger Deal to Create Strong One-Stop-Shopping Entity». Associated Press. May 28, 1997. Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  9. ^ Jebens, Harley (April 28, 2000). «CUC Gets Renamed». gamespot.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  10. ^ «CUC Now Cendant». Game Developer. UBM TechWeb. March 1998. p. 13.
  11. ^ Hansell, Saul (November 20, 1998). «Cendant Said to Near Sale of Software Division». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  12. ^ «Cendant Sells Software Unit». Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  13. ^ «Vivendi’s High Wireless Act». Wired. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  14. ^ a b «Havas Interactive Changes Name To Vivendi». gamasutra.com. May 16, 2001. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  15. ^ Graser, Marc (November 15, 2001). «Viv U streamlines games». variety.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  16. ^ «General Electric buys Vivendi media empire». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  17. ^ «Vivendi Universal to shorten company name». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  18. ^ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  19. ^ Rosmarin, Rachel. «Vivendi To Merge With Activision». forbes.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  20. ^ a b Alexander, Leigh (July 8, 2008). «Activision Blizzard Merger Official». kotaku.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  21. ^ a b Alexander, Leigh (July 10, 2008). «Activision Blizzard Merger Finalized». kotaku.com. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  22. ^ Pattison, Narayan (July 29, 2008). «Activision Drops Several Vivendi Games». IGN.
  23. ^ Varanini, Giancarlo (August 13, 2002). «Vivendi creates new studio». gamespot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  24. ^ IGN Staff (August 13, 2002). «VU Creates Black Label Games». ign.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  25. ^ Pham, Alex (March 11, 2003). «Fox Sells Video Game Division to Vivendi». Retrieved July 22, 2018 – via LA Times.
  26. ^ «Un nuovo team per Vivendi Universal».
  27. ^ IGN Staff (November 13, 2002). «Europe Gets Hard Early». ign.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  28. ^ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  29. ^ «Buy Low, Sell High: Vivendi’s History in Video Games». Kotaku UK. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  30. ^ Teather, David (June 19, 2000). «Vivendi seals merger». the Guardian. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  31. ^ Maragos, Nich (March 3, 2006). «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  32. ^ «Vivendi acquires Centerscore». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  33. ^ Dobson, Jason (September 12, 2006). «Vivendi Acquires Centerscore, Expands Mobile Portfolio». gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  34. ^ Takahashi, Dean (March 1, 1994). «Technology». Retrieved July 22, 2018 – via LA Times.
  35. ^ «2K Madrid». 2K Madrid. Archived from the original on April 1, 2021. Retrieved April 30, 2021.
  36. ^ Lewis, Peter H. (February 21, 1996). «CUC Will Buy 2 Software Companies for $1.8 Billion». The New York Times. Retrieved July 20, 2018.
  37. ^ «Vivendi Universal acquires High Moon Studios». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  38. ^ «Vivendi Universal Publishing announces the acquisition of Massive Entertainment — Blue’s News». www.bluesnews.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  39. ^ Parker, Sam (October 3, 2002). «Vivendi Universal acquires Massive Entertainment». gamespot.com. Retrieved July 22, 2018.
  40. ^ «VU Games acquires Simpsons: Hit & Run developer Radical Entertainment». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  41. ^ Jenkins, David (March 23, 2005). «Gamasutra — The Art & Business of Making Games». www.gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  42. ^ «Vivendi nets Swordfish in new acquisition deal». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  43. ^ «Vivendi Acquires Assault Heroes Developer». Wired. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  44. ^ Boyer, Brandon (February 20, 2007). «Vivendi Acquires Wanako Games». gamasutra.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  45. ^ «Vivendi acquires Wanako Games». engadget.com. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
  46. ^ KAPLAN, KAREN (February 10, 1997). «Davidson Founders Make Quiet Exit». Retrieved July 20, 2018 – via LA Times.
  47. ^ «Vivendi Universal sells educational games division». gamesindustry.biz. Retrieved July 21, 2018.
Источник

Игры Вивенди

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Игры Вивенди
Логотип Vivendi Games
работа Vivendi Games
Творчество 1993 (Universal Interactive Studios)
1996 (программное обеспечение CUC)
Ключевые даты 2001 (Vivendi Universal Games)
2008 (слияние с Activision )
Исчезновение 10 июля 2008 г.Просмотр и редактирование данных в Викиданных
Законная форма Отдел _ _ _Просмотр и редактирование данных в Викиданных
Головной офис Лос-Анджелес США
Флаг США 
Направление Роберт Котик (председатель)
Директора Бобби КотикПросмотр и редактирование данных в Викиданных
Акционеры ВивендиПросмотр и редактирование данных в Викиданных
Активность Индустрия видеоигр
Продукты Sierra Entertainment :
Crash Bandicoot
Spyro the Dragon
King’s Quest
Space Quest
Leisure Suit Ларри
Габриэль Найт
SWAT
Blizzard Entertainment :
Warcraft
StarCraft
Diablo
Материнская компания Вивенди
Дочерние компании Blizzard Entertainment
Sierra Entertainment
edit — редактировать код — см. Викиданные Обратитесь к документации модели

Vivendi Games (ранее Vivendi Universal Games ) — американская компания, дочерняя компания французской группы Vivendi , занимавшаяся разработкой, редактированием и изданием видеоигр . Созданная в 2001 году путем слияния подразделений видеоигр Vivendi и Seagram, она располагалась в Лос-Анджелесе и насчитывала более 3400 сотрудников в 4 отдельных подразделениях по разработке. Ее президентом на момент исчезновения является Роберт Котик . Компания была в авангарде многопользовательских онлайн-игр на основе подписки .

Vivendi Games владела правами на несколько популярных франшиз, включая Warcraft , StarCraft , Diablo , World of Warcraft (все они разработаны Blizzard Entertainment ), Empire Earth , Leisure Suit Larry , Ground Control , Tribes , Crash Bandicoot и Spyro the Dragon .

В 2008 году Vivendi Games объединилась с Activision и стала Activision Blizzard .

История

CUC International , американский конгломерат, приобрел Sierra Entertainment и Blizzard Entertainment в 1996 году и объединил их в рамках компании по производству видеоигр под названием CUC Software. Компания Knowledge Adventure (Adiboo) была приобретена в 1997 году, затем в 1997 году CUC International объединилась с HFS Corporation и образовала Cendant Software . После случая бухгалтерского мошенничества подразделения программного обеспечения группы были проданы в 1998 году издателю Havas (также присутствующему в литературе), который объединил их под названием Havas Interactive.

В 2000 году Vivendi, купившая Havas, получила контроль над Seagram , у которой, помимо Universal Music Group и Universal Studios , есть подразделение видеоигр Universal Interactive. Сформированная таким образом новая группа, Vivendi Universal, в мае 2001 года переименовала Havas в Vivendi Universal Publishing и объединила деятельность Universal Interactive и Havas Interactive в рамках новой организации видеоигр под названием Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing. Несколько месяцев спустя VUIP становится Vivendi Universal Games, а затем отделяется от Vivendi Universal Publishing в 2003 году во время продажи последней компанией Vivendi, которая сохраняет за собой видеоигры.

В 2004 году Vivendi Universal Games продала Knowledge Adventure , а в 2005 году — Coktel Vision . В 2006 году, когда Vivendi Universal переименовала себя в Vivendi SA, Vivendi Universal Games сделала то же самое и стала Vivendi Games. Логотип Vivendi Universal Games использовался с 2002 помай 2006 г..

В 2006 году Vivendi Games создала подразделение Vivendi Games Mobile, специализирующееся на играх для мобильных телефонов.

В 2008 году Vivendi Games объединилась с Activision . Vivendi владеет 61% новой компании под названием Activision Blizzard .

В 2013 году Vivendi Games продала 85% своих акций Activision за 8,2 миллиарда долларов, а затем была вынуждена постепенно сокращать свои доли, пока не продала все вянварь 2016 г..

Подразделения

  • Blizzard Entertainment , специализирующаяся на многопользовательских онлайн-играх, играх для Windows и Mac OS X.
    • Swingin’ Ape Studios — дочерняя компания Blizzard Studios.
  • Sierra Entertainment , специализирующаяся на играх для консолей и ПК, ориентирована на широкую публику и часто основана на фильмах или музыкальных франшизах. Sierra получает выгоду от связей с NBC Universal и Universal Music Group , другими дочерними компаниями Vivendi Group.
    • Coktel Vision , Radical Entertainment , Massive Entertainment , High Moon Studios и Swordfish Studios , дочерние компании Sierra Games .
      • GAMMA Attractions — дочерняя компания Ubisoft Vancouver , Sierra Games и Beenox , выпускающая видеоигры.
  • Sierra On-Line , издатель аркадных игр для ПК.
    • Secret Lair Studios и Studio Ch’in являются дочерними компаниями Sierra On Line.
  • Black Label Games, основанная в 2002 году.
  • Приключение знаний
  • Vivendi Games Mobile (VGM), издатель игр для мобильных телефонов.
    • Centerscore является дочерней компанией VGM.

Устаревшая интеллектуальная собственность

  • Период полураспада [ссылка. необходимо] (до 2005 г.)
  • военный корабль
  • Стар Крафт
  • Диабло
  • Мир Warcraft
  • Крэш Бандикут
  • Спайро дракон
  • Империя Земли
  • Костюм для отдыха Ларри
  • Наземный контроль
  • Племена
  • Зов долга [исх. необходимо]

внешние ссылки

  • Сайт Activision Blizzard
Источник
Игры Vivendi

Логотип Vivendi Games.png

Раньше

Бывший тип

 Деление
Промышленность Видео игры
Судьба Слияние с Activision
Преемник Activision Blizzard
Основан 24 июля 1996 г . ; 24 года назад в Торрансе , Калифорния
Несуществующий 10 июля 2008 г.
Штаб-квартира

Лос-Анджелес , Калифорния

,

НАС

Обслуживаемая площадь

 Северная Америка, Европа

Ключевые люди

 Брюс Хак ( генеральный директор )
Родитель

Vivendi Games — американский издатель видеоигр и холдинговая компания, базирующаяся в Лос-Анджелесе . Она была основана в 1996 году как CUC Software, дочерняя издательская компания CUC International , после того, как последняя приобрела компании по производству видеоигр Davidson & Associates и Sierra On-Line . В период с 1997 по 2001 год компания несколько раз меняла родителей и имена, прежде чем была организована под Vivendi Universal (позже переименованная в Vivendi). В июле 2008 года Vivendi Games объединилась с Activision, чтобы создать Activision Blizzard .

История

21 февраля 1996 года CUC International объявила о своем намерении приобрести Davidson & Associates (включая Blizzard Entertainment ) и Sierra On-Line , две американские компании по производству видеоигр, путем обмена акциями на 1,8 миллиарда долларов США . Сделка была закрыта 24 июля 1996 года. Ранее CUC International управляла только торговыми клубами для членов, поэтому аналитики были удивлены переходом компании в индустрию программного обеспечения . Впоследствии, после приобретений, CUC International основала CUC Software в Торрансе, штат Калифорния, компании Davidson & Associates, чтобы контролировать новые свойства видеоигр. Под этим новым зонтиком и Davidson & Associates, и Sierra On-Line будут действовать независимо от CUC International. Бод Дэвидсон, соучредитель Davidson & Associates, стал председателем и исполнительным директором нового учреждения. 5 ноября того же года, CUC International объявила о том , что они будут дополнительно приобрести знаний Adventure , другой разработчик, в наличии сделки на сумму от $ 50 млн и US $ 100 млн . Приобретение было завершено 3 февраля 1997 года. 10 февраля Дэвидсон объявил, что ушел со своих должностей в CUC Software и что его жена Ян перестала занимать пост президента Davidson & Associates, а оба Дэвидсона остались в CUC International. совет директоров . Кристофер МакЛеод, исполнительный вице-президент CUC International, принял на себя руководство CUC Software вместо Боба Дэвидсона. В апреле 1997 года CUC International приобрела Berkeley Systems за неизвестную сумму.

28 мая 1997 года CUC International объявила о планах слияния с Hospitality Franchise Systems для создания единой универсальной компании. Слияние было завершено в декабре того же года и было создано Cendant . В результате слияния CUC Software была переименована в Cendant Software. 20 ноября 1998 года французская медиа-компания Havas объявила, что приобретет Cendant Software за 800 миллионов долларов наличными и до 200 миллионов долларов в зависимости от производительности Cendant Software. Впоследствии подразделение было переименовано в Havas Interactive. 16 мая 2001 года Havas Interactive была переименована в Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing, а ее прямой родитель, Havas, стал Vivendi Universal Publishing. Под новым названием компания была разделена на две части: Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing North America и Vivendi Universal Interactive Publishing International, каждая из которых взяла на себя ответственность за свои соответствующие регионы публикации. 13 ноября 2001 года обе части были модернизированы под названием Vivendi Universal Games. Когда Vivendi Universal продала все свои медиа-операции General Electric в октябре 2003 года, Vivendi Universal оставила за собой Vivendi Universal Games, которая была реорганизована в прямое подразделение конгломерата. 3 марта 2006 года Vivendi Universal объявила, что откажется от части своего имени «Universal». В тот же день компания открыла подразделение мобильных игр, известное как Vivendi Universal Games Mobile.

В декабре 2007 года американский издатель Activision объявил планируемую сделку по слиянию с Vivendi Games , которая позволит создать новую холдинговую компанию под названием Activision Blizzard . Сделка была одобрена акционерами Activision 8 июля 2008 года, а слияние было завершено 10 июля, в результате чего была создана Activision Blizzard, а Vivendi Games распалась. Брюс Хак, занимавший пост генерального директора Vivendi Games, стал вице-председателем и главным корпоративным директором новой компании. Многие объекты собственности Vivendi Games были позже закрыты Activision, сославшись на то, что они не подходят для долгосрочной стратегии компании.

Дочерние компании

Издательский

  • Coktel Vision ; приобретена Sierra On-Line в мае 1994 года, продана Mindscape в октябре 2005 года.
  • Sierra Entertainment ; приобрел в июле 1996г.

    • Сьерра Интернет
      • Sierra Online Сиэтл; приобрел в сентябре 2006г.
      • Sierra Online Shanghai; приобрел в сентябре 2006г.
  • Vivendi Games Mobile; создана в марте 2006 года.
    • Centercore; приобрел в сентябре 2006г.
  • Universal Interactive, поглощенная в результате слияния Vivendi и Universal в июне 2000 года.
  • NDA Productions
  • Black Label Games, основанная в августе 2002 года.
  • Fox Interactive; приобрел в марте 2003г.

Развитие

  • Blizzard Entertainment ; приобретена Davidson & Associates в марте 1994 г.
  • Davidson & Associates ; приобрел в июле 1996г.
  • Знание, приключение ; приобретена в феврале 1997 года и продана Azure Capital Partners и TeleSoft Partners в октябре 2004 года.
  • Berkeley Systems ; приобрел в апреле 1997г.
  • Массовые развлечения ; приобрел в октябре 2002г.
  • Радикальные развлечения ; приобрел в марте 2005г.
  • Swordfish Studios ; приобрел в июне 2005г.
  • High Moon Studios ; приобрел в январе 2006г.
  • Wanako Games ; приобрел в феврале 2007г.

Ссылки

Источник

До 2000 года бренд Vivendi был известен исключительно комунальщикам. Международный водопроводчик 80-го уровня. Нет, это не усатый Марио, как можно было подумать, а французская компания, которая занималась исключительно обслуживанием водопроводных систем и поставками живительной влаги в несколько сотен городов по всему свету. Но в 2000 году на пост директора Vivendi пришел Жан-Мари Месье, который буквально за пару лет превратил компанию в медиа-гиганта, уступающего размерами только Time Warner.

От водопроводчиков к игроделам

Игровое подразделение медиа-холдинга образовалось в 2002 году из остатков Universal Interactive и изначально называлось Vivendi Universal Games. За пару лет существования филиал подгреб под себя порядка десяти крупных студий, среди которых значатся такие имена, как Blizzard, Black Label Games, Knowledge и Sierra Entertainment.

В 2005 году VU Games приобрела ванкуверскую студию Radical Entertainment, известную своими консольными хитами The Hulk и The Simpsons. Годом позже компания приобретает High Moon Studios, крупную независимую компанию, автора шутера Darkwatch. В это же время от порядком разбухшего тела Vivendi отпочковывается филиал VUG Mobile – компания, ориентированная на разработку и издание игр для мобильных платформ.

Весной 2006 года компанию ожидало крупное событие – ежегодное собрание акционеров решило убрать из названия издательства слово «Universal», так что формально днем рождения Vivendi Games считается 20 апреля 2006-го.

Недолго музыка играла

К тому времени главным активом компании считалась студия Blizzard Entertainment, уже успевшая выпустить несколько хитов, в том числе популярнейшую mmorpg World of Warcraft. Однако дни Vivendi Games были уже сочтены – в своем новом облике издательство смогло просуществовать чуть больше года.

Зимой 2007 года игровой мир узнал об эпохальном событии: слиянии двух монстров Vivendi Games и Activision в одно целое. Здесь следует объяснить один нюанс. Когда в бизнес среде говорят о «слиянии», то часто подразумевают совсем другое слово – «поглощение». Так случилось и с Vivendi Games. В результате «слияния» двух гигантов образовалась новая компания стоимостью почти 19 млрд. долларов – Activision Blizzard. Имя же Vivendi Games после этого навсегда исчезло с игрового небосклона. Более этого, в 2013 году Activision Blizzard и вовсе выкупила саму себя у материнского концерна Vivendi, в результате чего некогда второй по размерам медиа-холдинг лишился практически всех позиций на рынке видеоигр.

Источник
Vivendi SE

Vivendi logo.svg
Vivendi headquarters.jpg

Vivendi’s headquarters in Paris
Formerly
  • Compagnie générale des eaux (1853–1997)
  • Vivendi SARL (1997–2001)
  • Vivendi Universal SA (2001–2006)
  • Vivendi SA (2006–2021)
Type Societas Europaea

Traded as

 Euronext Paris: VIV

CAC 40 component
ISIN FR0000127771 Edit this on Wikidata
Industry Media
Founded 14 December 1853; 169 years ago
Founder Napoleon III[1]
Headquarters

Paris

,

France

Area served

 Worldwide

Key people
  • Yannick Bolloré (Chairman)
  • Arnaud de Puyfontaine (CEO)
  • Stéphane Roussel (COO)
  • Hervé Philippe (CFO)
Revenue Increase €9.57 billion[2] (2021)

Operating income

 Increase €0.69 billion[2] (2021)

Net income

 Increase €0.65 billion[2] (2021)
Total assets Decrease €33.37 billion[2] (2021)
Total equity Increase €19.19 billion[2] (2021)
Owner Bolloré family (27% equity, 30% voting power)

Number of employees

 Increase 35,911[3] (2021)
Subsidiaries
  • Groupe Canal+
  • Vivendi Village
  • Gameloft[4]
  • Dailymotion
  • Editis
  • Banijay (32%)
  • Havas
  • Prisma Media
Website www.vivendi.com

Vivendi SE[5] is a French mass media holding company headquartered in Paris. Widely known as the owner of Gameloft, Groupe Canal+, Havas, Editis, Prisma Media, Vivendi Village and Dailymotion, the company has activities in television, film, video game, book publishing, print press, communication, tickets and video hosting services.

Bolloré is the largest shareholder at approximately 30% of the company. Vivendi’s chairman Yannick Bolloré is also CEO of Havas, which was spun-off from Vivendi in 2000 but has since become a subsidiary.[2] The company is known for its stake in Universal Music Group, which it partially spun-off in 2021.

History[edit]

Origins[edit]

On 14 December 1853, a water company named Compagnie générale des eaux (CGE) was created by an imperial decree of Napoleon III.[1] In 1854, CGE obtained a concession in order to supply water to the public in Lyon, serving in that capacity for over a hundred years. In 1861, it obtained a 50-year concession with the City of Paris.[6] CGE also supplied water to Nantes, Venice (from 1880), Constantinople (from 1882) and Porto (from 1883).[1] For more than a century, Compagnie générale des eaux remained largely focused on the water sector.

Following the appointment of Guy Dejouany as CEO in 1976, CGE extended its activities into other sectors with a series of takeovers.[1] Beginning in 1980, CGE began diversifying its operations from water into waste management, energy, transport services, and construction and property. It acquired the Compagnie générale d’entreprises automobiles (CGEA), specialized in industrial vehicles, which was later divided into two branches: Connex (later Veolia Transport) in 1999 and Onyx Environnement (later Veolia Environmental Services) in 1989.[7] CGE then acquired the Compagnie générale de chauffe, and later the Montenay group, with these companies later becoming the Energy Services division of CGE, and later renamed «Dalkia» in 1998.[7]

In 1983, CGE helped to found Canal+, the first pay-TV channel in France, and in the 1990s, they began expanding into telecommunications and mass media, especially after Jean-Marie Messier succeeded Guy Dejouany on 27 June 1996, acquiring companies such as the Babelsberg Studio.[citation needed] In 1996, CGE created Neuf Cegetel to take advantage of the 1998 deregulation of the French telecommunications market, accelerating the move into the media sector which would culminate in the 2000 demerger into Vivendi Universal and Vivendi Environnement (Veolia).[8][better source needed]

Creation of «Vivendi»[edit]

Vivendi Universal logo from 2001 to 2006

In 1997, Compagnie Générale des Eaux changed its name to Vivendi, and sold off its property and construction divisions the following year to what would become Vinci SA. Vivendi went on to acquire stakes in or merge with Maroc Telecom, Havas, Cendant Software, Grupo Anaya, and NetHold, a large Continental European pay-TV operator. Beginning in 1998, Vivendi launched digital channels in Italy, Spain, Poland, Scandinavia, Belgium, and the Netherlands.

In June 1999, Vivendi merged with Pathé, the exchange ratio for the merger fixed at three Vivendi shares for every two Pathé shares. The Wall Street Journal estimated the value of the deal at US$2.59 billion. Following the completion of the merger, Vivendi retained Pathé’s interests in British Sky Broadcasting Group PLC and CanalSatellite, a French broadcasting corporation, then sold all remaining assets to Jérôme Seydoux’s family-owned holding company, Fornier SA, who changed its name to Pathé.

Vivendi Universal SA was created on 8 January 2001 with the merger of the Vivendi media empire with Canal+ television networks and the acquisition of media assets of Canadian company Seagram Company Ltd, owner of Universal Studios.

Vivendi Universal acquired MP3.com and the leading American publisher Houghton Mifflin in year 2001. To raise the funds, Vivendi Universal sold its trade and medical publishing businesses to a group led by Cinven.[9][10]

Vivendi Environnement[edit]

Vivendi Environnement was formed in 1999 by Vivendi to consolidate its environmental divisions, which were CGEA Transport, Onyx Environnement (now Veolia Environmental Services), Dalkia and CGE water division. As a result, CGEA Transport was renamed Connex (later Veolia Transport), and CGE’s water division was renamed Vivendi Water (now Veolia Water).[7] In July 2000, Vivendi Environnement was divested through IPOs in Paris and later New York in October 2001. Initially, Vivendi Universal retained a 70% stake in Vivendi Environnement in 2000, but by December 2002, it was reduced to 20.4%.[11] In 2003, Vivendi Environnement was renamed to Veolia Environnement.

Corporate loss[edit]

Vivendi Universal disclosed a corporate loss of €23.3 billion in its 2002 annual report. It responded with financial reshuffling, trying to shore up media holdings while selling off shares in its spin-off companies. Amid intense media scrutiny, its chairman and CEO, Jean-Marie Messier (who had overseen the most dramatic phase of the company’s diversification), was subsequently replaced by Jean-René Fourtou. Messier was found guilty of embezzlement in 2011, but not before he was paid over US$20 million as part of his severance package. The company reduced its stake in Vivendi Environnement to 40% and sold its stake in Vinci SA. The company then began reorganizing to stave off bankruptcy, announcing a strategy to sell non-strategic assets. Its largest single shareholder was the family of Edgar Bronfman Jr., who was head of Seagram at the time of the merger. Vivendi sold its stake in Vizzavi to Vodafone, with the exception of Vizzavi France. It also sold 20.4% of Vivendi Environnement’s capital to a group of investors, and its stake in North American satellite operator EchoStar Communications Corporation. It also sold its European book publishing to Lagardère.[12] It also sold Houghton Mifflin to Thomas H Lee, Blackstone and Bain consortium for US$1.66 billion.[13] Also, in 2002, Vivendi Universal sold the Belgian and Dutch activities of its subsidiary Scoot Europe to Kapitol, the parent company of online directory Infobel.[14]

In 2003, Vivendi Universal sold Canal+ Technologies to Thomson SA; Tele+ to News Corporation and Telecom Italia. It also sold its 26.3% interest in Xfera. Also in 2003, it sold its consumer magazines to Socpresse and its free newspapers to France Antilles.[15] On 1 December, Vivendi Universal closed a deal to sell MP3.com to CNET. Despite predictions that it would be unable to raise the cash needed, Vivendi Universal bought out one of the two minority shareholders in Cegetel, taking its holding to 60 percent, with Vodafone holding the remaining 40 percent. Management viewed the mobile communications firm as a core asset once the bulk of media assets had been sold off.

Further acquisitions, mergers and divestments[edit]

In 2004, 80% of the Vivendi Universal subsidiary was sold to GE, to form NBC Universal, with Vivendi retaining a 20 percent stake. At the same time, it sold a 50% stake in Canal+ and StudioCanal to the new company. Vivendi also sold its interests in Kencell (re-branded Celtel, Kenya), Monaco Telecom and Sportfive (which it held through Canal+ Group), and sold Newsworld International to the business partnership of Joel Hyatt and former Vice-President of the United States Al Gore. Vivendi also sold Babelsberg Studio.

On 16 December 2005, it was announced that Canal Plus would merge with TPS, France’s second largest Pay-TV provider. Vivendi owned 85% of the combined entity.[needs update]

On 17 January 2006, Vivendi Universal announced it would end its American Depositary Receipt program and its listing on the New York Stock Exchange by the end of the second quarter of 2006, due to lowered trading volume on its shares and high costs.[16]

On 20 April 2006, Vivendi in its current form came into existence, following the sale of an 80% stake in the Vivendi Universal unit to General Electric to form NBC Universal (merging GE’s NBC unit and Vivendi’s Vivendi Universal unit) and the gradual recovery of the company from its disastrous over-expansion in the late 1990s and the early 2000s. The company announced that shareholders had approved the name change to «Vivendi».

In August 2006, Vivendi signed a deal with Spiralfrog to distribute Vivendi’s songs online in the United States and Canada.

On 2 December 2007, Vivendi announced that it would be merging its game publishing unit with Activision in a $18.8 billion deal.[17][18] This will allow the merged company, Activision Blizzard, to rival Electronic Arts, the world’s biggest video games publisher.[18] The merger closed on 9 July 2008, for $9.8 billion. Vivendi held a 52% majority stake in the new business.

On 8 September 2009, Vivendi announced negotiations to buy the Brazilian phone operator Global Village Telecom (GVT).[19] Vivendi took control of GVT at a cost of 56 reais per share, on 13 November, trumping Telefónica’s bid.[20] Geneva-based Crédit des Alpes was the investment bank to the transaction, originating the acquisition proposal and advising GVT’s majority shareholders.[21]

On 3 December 2009, GE announced it would purchase Vivendi’s stake in NBC Universal, which would become a joint venture between GE and Comcast.[22] Vivendi sold its stake in NBC Universal on 25 January 2011.

On 4 April 2011, Vodafone sold its 44% stake in French mobile service provider SFR to Vivendi for about $11 billion[23] and giving Vivendi full control of its largest unit.[24]

In 2012, Vivendi announced having entered a strategic review of its assets and decided to refocus its activities on media and content activities while maximizing its telecoms assets.

On 25 July 2013, Activision Blizzard announced the buyout of 429 million shares from Vivendi for $5.83 billion, dropping the shareholder from a 63% stake to 11.8% by the end of the deal in September, ending Vivendi’s majority ownership of Activision Blizzard.

In November 2013, Vivendi also sold its 53% stake in Maroc Telecom to Dubai-based Etisalat for around $4.2 billion.[25]

Vivendi also confirmed in November 2013 its intention to launch a demerger plan which would result in Vivendi becoming an international media group consisting primarily of Canal+, Universal Music Group and GVT, while SFR would be listed separately on the stock market. As a result of the foregoing, Vivendi group results for the first semester 2014 are in a strong growth, witnessing the success of its repositioning strategy. Net income was up 84,8% to €1.9 billion.[26] In August 2014 Vivendi sells GVT to Telefônica Vivo, a subsidiary of Telefónica in Brazil.

The moves have allowed Vivendi to rapidly pay down debt and increase cash returns to shareholders while leaving it with ammunition to do acquisitions of its own. Indeed, once the SFR deal closes, Vivendi will have a cash pile of around €5 billion, leaving it with some room to maneuver even after it pays down debt and returns nearly €5 billion in dividends and share buybacks to shareholders.[27]

Vivendi’s priority is now content. The French group is expected to expand its assets in the content industries in the coming year.[28]

In 2014, Vivendi decided to sell mobile companies SFR (France) to Patrick Drahi’s company, Altice,[29] and GVT (Brazil) to the Brazilian company Telefônica Vivo.[30]

On 28 May 2014, Vivendi sold half of its remaining shares (nearly 41.5 million shares) in Activision Blizzard for $850 million, reducing its stake to 6%.[31]

In April 2015, it was announced that a shareholder in the company Bolloré raised its stake from 10.2 percent to 12.01 percent for a total fee of €568 million.[32]

In 2015, Vivendi bought 80% share in Dailymotion.[33] According to the Wall Street Journal, the «French media group offered around $273 million for streaming service».[34] Vivendi was in talks with Orange, to Buy 80% stake in Dailymotion. Also, Vivendi announced extra payouts in compromise with P. Schoenfeld Asset Management shareholder.[35]

It was revealed in October 2015 that Vivendi would increase its stake in Telecom Italia to around 19% of the ordinary share capital as part of its aims to increase its influence in the group.[36][37] As of May 2017, Vivendi owns 24.6% of the company with Vivendi’s CEO Arnaud de Puyfontaine becoming Executive Chairman of Telecom Italia.[38]

In October 2015, Vivendi bought minority stakes in the French video game studios Gameloft and Ubisoft.[39] On 17 December 2015, Vivendi acquired a 64.4% majority stake in Belgian online radio aggregator Radionomy (including its media player platform Winamp and internet radio streaming software Shoutcast). Its shareholders, including its employees and U.S.-based investment firm Union Square Ventures, however, retained their stakes in the company.[40]

In June 2016, after having triggered a mandatory tender offer in February 2016 by reaching 30% ownership, and then becoming its largest shareholder, Vivendi completed a hostile takeover of Gameloft with the acquisition of its founders’ stake. At the same time, Vivendi also further increased its stake in Ubisoft, which had led to concern from the company’s management that Vivendi was also planning a hostile takeover of Ubisoft, however as of 2018 Vivendi is no longer in the position to do so.[41][42][43]

Vivendi (once the owner of Blizzard, later Activision Blizzard),[44] searching for a new games publisher property has started investing in both Ubisoft and Gameloft.[45] The brothers in charge of Ubisoft and Gameloft, Yves Guillemot and Michel Guillemot[46] respectively, view the investments as a hostile takeover attempt,[47][48] and are raising capital from within the family[49] and from Canadian investors[50] to maintain control of the companies. As of 8 June 2016, Vivendi has acquired a controlling stake in Gameloft. In news from 11 September 2016 Yves Guillemot is set to buy an additional 3.5% of Ubisoft shares to raise his stake to 12.5% to attempt to block a takeover from Vivendi. Yves has been attempting to lobby other shareholders to prevent them selling their shares to Vivendi.[51] As of 20 March 2018, Vivendi has sold all its shares in Ubisoft and Tencent has bought in in their place.[52]

In an auction on 6 June, Vivendi won a bid to acquire Flavorus from SFX Entertainment for $4 million.[53] Also that month, it acquired Paddington and Company Limited-owner of Paddington Bear and other properties, and The Copyrights Group.

Vivendi declared that it owned 12.3% of Mediaset in December 2016.[54] In September 2020, Vivendi owns 28.8% of Mediaset.[55] In January 2019, Vivendi completed its €900 million acquisition of Editis, one of France’s major book publishers.[56]

In 2019, Vivendi acquired Nigeria’s film studio ROK Studios which included it’s linear channels and VOD service, IROKO+.[57]

At the end of the first quarter of 2020, Vivendi completed a partial sale of Universal Music Group (UMG) to a consortium led by Tencent, a Chinese media conglomerate. The amount of stake of the world’s largest record label group that has been sold to the consortium is 10% and the valuation of which was $3.3 billion. The Tencent-led consortium retained an option to purchase another 10% at the same valuation until January 2021, which they opted to exercise in December 2020.[58] Pershing Square Holdings later acquired 10% of UMG prior to its IPO on the Euronext Amsterdam stock exchange. The company went public on September 21, 2021, at a valuation of €46 billion.[59][60]

In April 2020, Vivendi bought a 10.6% stake in Lagardère Group, another French media group. The investment was made at the time when Lagardère, the assets of which include the world’s third-largest book publisher Hachette, is faced with attacks from a group of fierce and well-funded activist investors, and a year after Vivendi completed its takeover of Editis, the smaller domestic book publisher.[61] By August, Vivendi has doubled its stake in Lagardère to 23.5%, becoming the largest shareholder of the rival group.[62]

In October 2020, Vivendi acquired a 12% stake in South Africa’s media company, MultiChoice.[63]

In December 2020, Vivendi announced a deal to buy the French media conglomerate Prisma Media from Bertelsmann.[64] In January 2021, Vivendi bought a 9,9% stake in the Spanish media conglomerate Prisa.[65][66]

In September 2021, Vivendi distributed 60% of its UMG shares to shareholders and retaining 10% shares in an IPO at Euronext Amsterdam.[67]

In September 2021, Amber Capital has informed Vivendi of its intention to sell all its shares in Lagardère (17.93 of the share capital) and has invited Vivendi to make an acquisition offer. Vivendi has acquired Amber Capital’s shares for 24.1 euros per share. The transaction will be completed by December 15, 2022, after gaining the approvals required by the current regulations in light of the takeover that could result from the mandatory public offer following this acquisition.[68] In December 2021, Vivendi announced its plan to accelerate the purchase of Amber’s stake in Lagardere.[69] As of June 2022, Vivendi owns 57.3% of Lagardère following the latter’s IPO.[70] Vivendi has offered to divest the book publisher Editis, as Lagardère already owns Hachette.[71]

In July 2022, Vivendi announced its plan to spin off Editis, anticipating the European competition regulators not to allow Editis and Lagardere Publishing to merge.[72]

Corporate governance[edit]

As of 31 December 2019, Vivendi ownership is as follows:[73]

  • Bolloré (27.06%)
  • Société Générale (5.29%)
  • Caisse des dépôts et consignations (3.23%)
  • Vivendi Employees (2.95%)
  • DNCA Finance (0,31%)
  • Self Control (1,18%)
  • Other Shareholders (59.99%)

Supervisory board[edit]

As of 16 May 2020, the board is comprised as follows:[74]

  • Yannick Bolloré (chairman), CEO of Havas
  • Philippe Bénacin, chairman and CEO of Interparfums
  • Cyrille Bolloré, former chairman and CEO of Bolloré
  • Paulo Cardoso, treasurer of Canal+
  • Laurent Dassault, co-managing director of Dassault Group
  • Dominique Delport, former executive at M6, Canal+, and Havas
  • Véronique Driot-Argentin, Vivendi HR executive
  • Aliza Jabès, chairwoman of NUXE
  • Cathia Lawson-Hall, executive at Société Générale
  • Sandrine Le Bihan, Vivendi legal executive
  • Michèle Reiser, filmmaker and culture commissioner
  • Katie Stanton, general partner of Moxxie Ventures
  • Athina Vasilogiannaki, legal and business affairs director of Minos EMI

Business units[edit]

Vivendi is a company primarily focused on digital entertainment. It owns the French TV channel and movie producer Canal+ Group, book publisher Editis, communication company Havas Group, video games company Gameloft, and video hosting service Dailymotion.

Vivendi’s president Vincent Bolloré, appointed in June 2014, aims at developing synergies between the company’s subsidiaries now refocused on media: Canal+ Group, Vivendi Village, Dailymotion and Gameloft.[75]

Groupe Canal+[edit]

Groupe Canal+ is the leading pay television group in France. It is also an international movie and television series producer and distributor with StudioCanal.[76] In November 2013, Vivendi became the exclusive owner of France’s biggest pay-TV company.[77]

Havas Group[edit]

Havas Group is one of the largest global advertising and communications groups in the world.[78] Since October 2017, Vivendi owns 94.75% of Havas’s Share Capital.[79]

Gameloft[edit]

In July 2016, Vivendi completed its takeover of Gameloft,[80] the world’s largest mobile-games publisher in terms of downloads. Gameloft reported that their games had amassed over 1 billion downloads in 2016.[81]

Editis[edit]

Vivendi owns the French publisher Editis, which it acquired in January 2019 for €900 million.[82] Editis is one of France’s largest publishers.

Vivendi Village[edit]

Vivendi Village comprises a group of small companies active in digital and in live entertainment.[83]

Vivendi Ticketing comprises the ticketing businesses See Tickets in the UK, the US, and in France. Both businesses specialize in the retail and distribution of tickets for live entertainment, sport and cultural events, in addition to providing operating platforms for venues to run their own ticketing services. Vivendi Ticketing processes annually over 40 million tickets. The business also operates as an internal service provider to other Vivendi businesses.

MyBestPro provides experts counseling in different fields (Wengo, RDVmedicaux, Juritravail, Bordas, Devispresto).

Vivendi Village also owns the Paris-based concert venue L’Olympia and the Théâtre de l’Oeuvre.[84]

In 2015, Vivendi announced that it will open venues in central and west Africa. These venues will be named CanalOlympia, they will serve as concert halls, theaters and screening rooms.[85]

Prisma Media[edit]

In 2021, Vivendi purchased Prisma Media from Gruner + Jahr for an estimated 100 to 150 million euros.[86]

Prisma Media is number one magazine publishing group in France.[87]

Dailymotion[edit]

In 2015, Vivendi purchased an 80% stake in Dailymotion from its previous owner, Orange S.A.[88]

Vivendi announced that it increased this stake to 90% in September 2015.[89]

Equity investments[edit]

  • Lagardère Group (57.3%)
  • TIM (23.75%)
  • Banijay (32.9%)

See also[edit]

  • List of French companies

References[edit]

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External links[edit]

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