Python как посчитать время работы программы

The simplest way in Python:

import time
start_time = time.time()
main()
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))

This assumes that your program takes at least a tenth of second to run.

Prints:

--- 0.764891862869 seconds ---

In Linux or Unix:

$ time python yourprogram.py

In Windows, see this StackOverflow question: How do I measure execution time of a command on the Windows command line?

For more verbose output,

$ time -v python yourprogram.py
    Command being timed: "python3 yourprogram.py"
    User time (seconds): 0.08
    System time (seconds): 0.02
    Percent of CPU this job got: 98%
    Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.10
    Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
    Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
    Average stack size (kbytes): 0
    Average total size (kbytes): 0
    Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 9480
    Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
    Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
    Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1114
    Voluntary context switches: 0
    Involuntary context switches: 22
    Swaps: 0
    File system inputs: 0
    File system outputs: 0
    Socket messages sent: 0
    Socket messages received: 0
    Signals delivered: 0
    Page size (bytes): 4096
    Exit status: 0

I put this timing.py module into my own site-packages directory, and just insert import timing at the top of my module:

import atexit
from time import clock

def secondsToStr(t):
    return "%d:%02d:%02d.%03d" % 
        reduce(lambda ll,b : divmod(ll[0],b) + ll[1:],
            [(t*1000,),1000,60,60])

line = "="*40
def log(s, elapsed=None):
    print line
    print secondsToStr(clock()), '-', s
    if elapsed:
        print "Elapsed time:", elapsed
    print line
    print

def endlog():
    end = clock()
    elapsed = end-start
    log("End Program", secondsToStr(elapsed))

def now():
    return secondsToStr(clock())

start = clock()
atexit.register(endlog)
log("Start Program")

I can also call timing.log from within my program if there are significant stages within the program I want to show. But just including import timing will print the start and end times, and overall elapsed time. (Forgive my obscure secondsToStr function, it just formats a floating point number of seconds to hh:mm:ss.sss form.)

Note: A Python 3 version of the above code can be found here or here.

I like the output the datetime module provides, where time delta objects show days, hours, minutes, etc. as necessary in a human-readable way.

For example:

from datetime import datetime
start_time = datetime.now()
# do your work here
end_time = datetime.now()
print('Duration: {}'.format(end_time - start_time))

Sample output e.g.

Duration: 0:00:08.309267

or

Duration: 1 day, 1:51:24.269711

As J.F. Sebastian mentioned, this approach might encounter some tricky cases with local time, so it’s safer to use:

import time
from datetime import timedelta
start_time = time.monotonic()
end_time = time.monotonic()
print(timedelta(seconds=end_time - start_time))

import time

start_time = time.clock()
main()
print(time.clock() - start_time, "seconds")

time.clock() returns the processor time, which allows us to calculate only the time used by this process (on Unix anyway). The documentation says «in any case, this is the function to use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms»

I really like Paul McGuire’s answer, but I use Python 3. So for those who are interested: here’s a modification of his answer that works with Python 3 on *nix (I imagine, under Windows, that clock() should be used instead of time()):

#python3
import atexit
from time import time, strftime, localtime
from datetime import timedelta

def secondsToStr(elapsed=None):
    if elapsed is None:
        return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localtime())
    else:
        return str(timedelta(seconds=elapsed))

def log(s, elapsed=None):
    line = "="*40
    print(line)
    print(secondsToStr(), '-', s)
    if elapsed:
        print("Elapsed time:", elapsed)
    print(line)
    print()

def endlog():
    end = time()
    elapsed = end-start
    log("End Program", secondsToStr(elapsed))

start = time()
atexit.register(endlog)
log("Start Program")

If you find this useful, you should still up-vote his answer instead of this one, as he did most of the work ;).

You can use the Python profiler cProfile to measure CPU time and additionally how much time is spent inside each function and how many times each function is called. This is very useful if you want to improve performance of your script without knowing where to start. This answer to another Stack Overflow question is pretty good. It’s always good to have a look in the documentation too.

Here’s an example how to profile a script using cProfile from a command line:

$ python -m cProfile euler048.py

1007 function calls in 0.061 CPU seconds

Ordered by: standard name
ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
    1    0.000    0.000    0.061    0.061 <string>:1(<module>)
 1000    0.051    0.000    0.051    0.000 euler048.py:2(<lambda>)
    1    0.005    0.005    0.061    0.061 euler048.py:2(<module>)
    1    0.000    0.000    0.061    0.061 {execfile}
    1    0.002    0.002    0.053    0.053 {map}
    1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler objects}
    1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {range}
    1    0.003    0.003    0.003    0.003 {sum}

Just use the timeit module. It works with both Python 2 and Python 3.

import timeit

start = timeit.default_timer()

# All the program statements
stop = timeit.default_timer()
execution_time = stop - start

print("Program Executed in "+str(execution_time)) # It returns time in seconds

It returns in seconds and you can have your execution time. It is simple, but you should write these in thew main function which starts program execution. If you want to get the execution time even when you get an error then take your parameter «Start» to it and calculate there like:

def sample_function(start,**kwargs):
     try:
         # Your statements
     except:
         # except statements run when your statements raise an exception
         stop = timeit.default_timer()
         execution_time = stop - start
         print("Program executed in " + str(execution_time))

time.clock()

Deprecated since version 3.3: The behavior of this function depends
on the platform: use perf_counter() or process_time() instead,
depending on your requirements, to have a well-defined behavior.

time.perf_counter()

Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a performance counter,
i.e. a clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short
duration. It does include time elapsed during sleep and is
system-wide.

time.process_time()

Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and
user CPU time of the current process. It does not include time elapsed
during sleep.

start = time.process_time()
... do something
elapsed = (time.process_time() - start)

answered May 18, 2016 at 3:49

time.clock has been deprecated in Python 3.3 and will be removed from Python 3.8: use time.perf_counter or time.process_time instead

import time
start_time = time.perf_counter ()
for x in range(1, 100):
    print(x)
end_time = time.perf_counter ()
print(end_time - start_time, "seconds")

answered Jul 28, 2018 at 16:48

The following snippet prints elapsed time in a nice human readable <HH:MM:SS> format.

import time
from datetime import timedelta

start_time = time.time()

#
# Perform lots of computations.
#

elapsed_time_secs = time.time() - start_time

msg = "Execution took: %s secs (Wall clock time)" % timedelta(seconds=round(elapsed_time_secs))

print(msg)    

answered Jul 1, 2016 at 22:24

Similar to the response from @rogeriopvl I added a slight modification to convert to hour minute seconds using the same library for long running jobs.

import time
start_time = time.time()
main()
seconds = time.time() - start_time
print('Time Taken:', time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",time.gmtime(seconds)))

Sample Output

Time Taken: 00:00:08

answered Mar 12, 2020 at 5:27

For functions, I suggest using this simple decorator I created.

def timeit(method):
    def timed(*args, **kwargs):
        ts = time.time()
        result = method(*args, **kwargs)
        te = time.time()
        if 'log_time' in kwargs:
            name = kwargs.get('log_name', method.__name__.upper())
            kwargs['log_time'][name] = int((te - ts) * 1000)
        else:
            print('%r  %2.22f ms' % (method.__name__, (te - ts) * 1000))
        return result
    return timed

@timeit
def foo():
    do_some_work()

# foo()
# 'foo'  0.000953 ms

answered Oct 29, 2020 at 10:24

answered Apr 6, 2016 at 7:45

jfsjfs

393k189 gold badges969 silver badges1654 bronze badges

I was having the same problem in many places, so I created a convenience package horology. You can install it with pip install horology and then do it in the elegant way:

from horology import Timing

with Timing(name='Important calculations: '):
    prepare()
    do_your_stuff()
    finish_sth()

will output:

Important calculations: 12.43 ms

Or even simpler (if you have one function):

from horology import timed

@timed
def main():
    ...

will output:

main: 7.12 h

It takes care of units and rounding. It works with python 3.6 or newer.

answered Dec 7, 2019 at 22:05

answered Jan 29, 2015 at 15:42

In IPython, «timeit» any script:

def foo():
    %run bar.py
timeit foo()

Use line_profiler.

line_profiler will profile the time individual lines of code take to execute. The profiler is implemented in C via Cython in order to reduce the overhead of profiling.

from line_profiler import LineProfiler
import random

def do_stuff(numbers):
    s = sum(numbers)
    l = [numbers[i]/43 for i in range(len(numbers))]
    m = ['hello'+str(numbers[i]) for i in range(len(numbers))]

numbers = [random.randint(1,100) for i in range(1000)]
lp = LineProfiler()
lp_wrapper = lp(do_stuff)
lp_wrapper(numbers)
lp.print_stats()

The results will be:

Timer unit: 1e-06 s

Total time: 0.000649 s
File: <ipython-input-2-2e060b054fea>
Function: do_stuff at line 4

Line #      Hits         Time  Per Hit   % Time  Line Contents
==============================================================
     4                                           def do_stuff(numbers):
     5         1           10     10.0      1.5      s = sum(numbers)
     6         1          186    186.0     28.7      l = [numbers[i]/43 for i in range(len(numbers))]
     7         1          453    453.0     69.8      m = ['hello'+str(numbers[i]) for i in range(len(numbers))]

I used a very simple function to time a part of code execution:

import time
def timing():
    start_time = time.time()
    return lambda x: print("[{:.2f}s] {}".format(time.time() - start_time, x))

And to use it, just call it before the code to measure to retrieve function timing, and then call the function after the code with comments. The time will appear in front of the comments. For example:

t = timing()
train = pd.read_csv('train.csv',
                        dtype={
                            'id': str,
                            'vendor_id': str,
                            'pickup_datetime': str,
                            'dropoff_datetime': str,
                            'passenger_count': int,
                            'pickup_longitude': np.float64,
                            'pickup_latitude': np.float64,
                            'dropoff_longitude': np.float64,
                            'dropoff_latitude': np.float64,
                            'store_and_fwd_flag': str,
                            'trip_duration': int,
                        },
                        parse_dates = ['pickup_datetime', 'dropoff_datetime'],
                   )
t("Loaded {} rows data from 'train'".format(len(train)))

Then the output will look like this:

[9.35s] Loaded 1458644 rows data from 'train'

I tried and found time difference using the following scripts.

import time

start_time = time.perf_counter()
[main code here]
print (time.perf_counter() - start_time, "seconds")

answered May 8, 2020 at 4:44

You do this simply in Python. There is no need to make it complicated.

import time

start = time.localtime()
end = time.localtime()
"""Total execution time in minutes$ """
print(end.tm_min - start.tm_min)
"""Total execution time in seconds$ """
print(end.tm_sec - start.tm_sec)

Later answer, but I use the built-in timeit:

import timeit
code_to_test = """
a = range(100000)
b = []
for i in a:
    b.append(i*2)
"""
elapsed_time = timeit.timeit(code_to_test, number=500)
print(elapsed_time)
# 10.159821493085474

• Wrap all your code, including any imports you may have, inside code_to_test.
• number argument specifies the amount of times the code should repeat.
• Demo

answered Feb 25, 2020 at 0:15

Timeit is a class in Python used to calculate the execution time of small blocks of code.

Default_timer is a method in this class which is used to measure the wall clock timing, not CPU execution time. Thus other process execution might interfere with this. Thus it is useful for small blocks of code.

A sample of the code is as follows:

from timeit import default_timer as timer

start= timer()

# Some logic

end = timer()

print("Time taken:", end-start)

answered Apr 16, 2020 at 10:40

Nick LegendNick Legend

6881 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges

answered Apr 8, 2015 at 0:24

answered Jul 31, 2017 at 15:13

The simplest way in Python:

import time
start_time = time.time()
main()
print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))

This assumes that your program takes at least a tenth of second to run.

Prints:

--- 0.764891862869 seconds ---

In Linux or Unix:

$ time python yourprogram.py

In Windows, see this StackOverflow question: How do I measure execution time of a command on the Windows command line?

For more verbose output,

$ time -v python yourprogram.py
    Command being timed: "python3 yourprogram.py"
    User time (seconds): 0.08
    System time (seconds): 0.02
    Percent of CPU this job got: 98%
    Elapsed (wall clock) time (h:mm:ss or m:ss): 0:00.10
    Average shared text size (kbytes): 0
    Average unshared data size (kbytes): 0
    Average stack size (kbytes): 0
    Average total size (kbytes): 0
    Maximum resident set size (kbytes): 9480
    Average resident set size (kbytes): 0
    Major (requiring I/O) page faults: 0
    Minor (reclaiming a frame) page faults: 1114
    Voluntary context switches: 0
    Involuntary context switches: 22
    Swaps: 0
    File system inputs: 0
    File system outputs: 0
    Socket messages sent: 0
    Socket messages received: 0
    Signals delivered: 0
    Page size (bytes): 4096
    Exit status: 0

I put this timing.py module into my own site-packages directory, and just insert import timing at the top of my module:

import atexit
from time import clock

def secondsToStr(t):
    return "%d:%02d:%02d.%03d" % 
        reduce(lambda ll,b : divmod(ll[0],b) + ll[1:],
            [(t*1000,),1000,60,60])

line = "="*40
def log(s, elapsed=None):
    print line
    print secondsToStr(clock()), '-', s
    if elapsed:
        print "Elapsed time:", elapsed
    print line
    print

def endlog():
    end = clock()
    elapsed = end-start
    log("End Program", secondsToStr(elapsed))

def now():
    return secondsToStr(clock())

start = clock()
atexit.register(endlog)
log("Start Program")

I can also call timing.log from within my program if there are significant stages within the program I want to show. But just including import timing will print the start and end times, and overall elapsed time. (Forgive my obscure secondsToStr function, it just formats a floating point number of seconds to hh:mm:ss.sss form.)

Note: A Python 3 version of the above code can be found here or here.

I like the output the datetime module provides, where time delta objects show days, hours, minutes, etc. as necessary in a human-readable way.

For example:

from datetime import datetime
start_time = datetime.now()
# do your work here
end_time = datetime.now()
print('Duration: {}'.format(end_time - start_time))

Sample output e.g.

Duration: 0:00:08.309267

or

Duration: 1 day, 1:51:24.269711

As J.F. Sebastian mentioned, this approach might encounter some tricky cases with local time, so it’s safer to use:

import time
from datetime import timedelta
start_time = time.monotonic()
end_time = time.monotonic()
print(timedelta(seconds=end_time - start_time))

import time

start_time = time.clock()
main()
print(time.clock() - start_time, "seconds")

time.clock() returns the processor time, which allows us to calculate only the time used by this process (on Unix anyway). The documentation says «in any case, this is the function to use for benchmarking Python or timing algorithms»

I really like Paul McGuire’s answer, but I use Python 3. So for those who are interested: here’s a modification of his answer that works with Python 3 on *nix (I imagine, under Windows, that clock() should be used instead of time()):

#python3
import atexit
from time import time, strftime, localtime
from datetime import timedelta

def secondsToStr(elapsed=None):
    if elapsed is None:
        return strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", localtime())
    else:
        return str(timedelta(seconds=elapsed))

def log(s, elapsed=None):
    line = "="*40
    print(line)
    print(secondsToStr(), '-', s)
    if elapsed:
        print("Elapsed time:", elapsed)
    print(line)
    print()

def endlog():
    end = time()
    elapsed = end-start
    log("End Program", secondsToStr(elapsed))

start = time()
atexit.register(endlog)
log("Start Program")

If you find this useful, you should still up-vote his answer instead of this one, as he did most of the work ;).

You can use the Python profiler cProfile to measure CPU time and additionally how much time is spent inside each function and how many times each function is called. This is very useful if you want to improve performance of your script without knowing where to start. This answer to another Stack Overflow question is pretty good. It’s always good to have a look in the documentation too.

Here’s an example how to profile a script using cProfile from a command line:

$ python -m cProfile euler048.py

1007 function calls in 0.061 CPU seconds

Ordered by: standard name
ncalls  tottime  percall  cumtime  percall filename:lineno(function)
    1    0.000    0.000    0.061    0.061 <string>:1(<module>)
 1000    0.051    0.000    0.051    0.000 euler048.py:2(<lambda>)
    1    0.005    0.005    0.061    0.061 euler048.py:2(<module>)
    1    0.000    0.000    0.061    0.061 {execfile}
    1    0.002    0.002    0.053    0.053 {map}
    1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {method 'disable' of '_lsprof.Profiler objects}
    1    0.000    0.000    0.000    0.000 {range}
    1    0.003    0.003    0.003    0.003 {sum}

Just use the timeit module. It works with both Python 2 and Python 3.

import timeit

start = timeit.default_timer()

# All the program statements
stop = timeit.default_timer()
execution_time = stop - start

print("Program Executed in "+str(execution_time)) # It returns time in seconds

It returns in seconds and you can have your execution time. It is simple, but you should write these in thew main function which starts program execution. If you want to get the execution time even when you get an error then take your parameter «Start» to it and calculate there like:

def sample_function(start,**kwargs):
     try:
         # Your statements
     except:
         # except statements run when your statements raise an exception
         stop = timeit.default_timer()
         execution_time = stop - start
         print("Program executed in " + str(execution_time))

time.clock()

Deprecated since version 3.3: The behavior of this function depends
on the platform: use perf_counter() or process_time() instead,
depending on your requirements, to have a well-defined behavior.

time.perf_counter()

Return the value (in fractional seconds) of a performance counter,
i.e. a clock with the highest available resolution to measure a short
duration. It does include time elapsed during sleep and is
system-wide.

time.process_time()

Return the value (in fractional seconds) of the sum of the system and
user CPU time of the current process. It does not include time elapsed
during sleep.

start = time.process_time()
... do something
elapsed = (time.process_time() - start)

answered May 18, 2016 at 3:49

time.clock has been deprecated in Python 3.3 and will be removed from Python 3.8: use time.perf_counter or time.process_time instead

import time
start_time = time.perf_counter ()
for x in range(1, 100):
    print(x)
end_time = time.perf_counter ()
print(end_time - start_time, "seconds")

answered Jul 28, 2018 at 16:48

The following snippet prints elapsed time in a nice human readable <HH:MM:SS> format.

import time
from datetime import timedelta

start_time = time.time()

#
# Perform lots of computations.
#

elapsed_time_secs = time.time() - start_time

msg = "Execution took: %s secs (Wall clock time)" % timedelta(seconds=round(elapsed_time_secs))

print(msg)    

answered Jul 1, 2016 at 22:24

Similar to the response from @rogeriopvl I added a slight modification to convert to hour minute seconds using the same library for long running jobs.

import time
start_time = time.time()
main()
seconds = time.time() - start_time
print('Time Taken:', time.strftime("%H:%M:%S",time.gmtime(seconds)))

Sample Output

Time Taken: 00:00:08

answered Mar 12, 2020 at 5:27

For functions, I suggest using this simple decorator I created.

def timeit(method):
    def timed(*args, **kwargs):
        ts = time.time()
        result = method(*args, **kwargs)
        te = time.time()
        if 'log_time' in kwargs:
            name = kwargs.get('log_name', method.__name__.upper())
            kwargs['log_time'][name] = int((te - ts) * 1000)
        else:
            print('%r  %2.22f ms' % (method.__name__, (te - ts) * 1000))
        return result
    return timed

@timeit
def foo():
    do_some_work()

# foo()
# 'foo'  0.000953 ms

answered Oct 29, 2020 at 10:24

answered Apr 6, 2016 at 7:45

jfsjfs

393k189 gold badges969 silver badges1654 bronze badges

I was having the same problem in many places, so I created a convenience package horology. You can install it with pip install horology and then do it in the elegant way:

from horology import Timing

with Timing(name='Important calculations: '):
    prepare()
    do_your_stuff()
    finish_sth()

will output:

Important calculations: 12.43 ms

Or even simpler (if you have one function):

from horology import timed

@timed
def main():
    ...

will output:

main: 7.12 h

It takes care of units and rounding. It works with python 3.6 or newer.

answered Dec 7, 2019 at 22:05

answered Jan 29, 2015 at 15:42

In IPython, «timeit» any script:

def foo():
    %run bar.py
timeit foo()

Use line_profiler.

line_profiler will profile the time individual lines of code take to execute. The profiler is implemented in C via Cython in order to reduce the overhead of profiling.

from line_profiler import LineProfiler
import random

def do_stuff(numbers):
    s = sum(numbers)
    l = [numbers[i]/43 for i in range(len(numbers))]
    m = ['hello'+str(numbers[i]) for i in range(len(numbers))]

numbers = [random.randint(1,100) for i in range(1000)]
lp = LineProfiler()
lp_wrapper = lp(do_stuff)
lp_wrapper(numbers)
lp.print_stats()

The results will be:

Timer unit: 1e-06 s

Total time: 0.000649 s
File: <ipython-input-2-2e060b054fea>
Function: do_stuff at line 4

Line #      Hits         Time  Per Hit   % Time  Line Contents
==============================================================
     4                                           def do_stuff(numbers):
     5         1           10     10.0      1.5      s = sum(numbers)
     6         1          186    186.0     28.7      l = [numbers[i]/43 for i in range(len(numbers))]
     7         1          453    453.0     69.8      m = ['hello'+str(numbers[i]) for i in range(len(numbers))]

I used a very simple function to time a part of code execution:

import time
def timing():
    start_time = time.time()
    return lambda x: print("[{:.2f}s] {}".format(time.time() - start_time, x))

And to use it, just call it before the code to measure to retrieve function timing, and then call the function after the code with comments. The time will appear in front of the comments. For example:

t = timing()
train = pd.read_csv('train.csv',
                        dtype={
                            'id': str,
                            'vendor_id': str,
                            'pickup_datetime': str,
                            'dropoff_datetime': str,
                            'passenger_count': int,
                            'pickup_longitude': np.float64,
                            'pickup_latitude': np.float64,
                            'dropoff_longitude': np.float64,
                            'dropoff_latitude': np.float64,
                            'store_and_fwd_flag': str,
                            'trip_duration': int,
                        },
                        parse_dates = ['pickup_datetime', 'dropoff_datetime'],
                   )
t("Loaded {} rows data from 'train'".format(len(train)))

Then the output will look like this:

[9.35s] Loaded 1458644 rows data from 'train'

I tried and found time difference using the following scripts.

import time

start_time = time.perf_counter()
[main code here]
print (time.perf_counter() - start_time, "seconds")

answered May 8, 2020 at 4:44

You do this simply in Python. There is no need to make it complicated.

import time

start = time.localtime()
end = time.localtime()
"""Total execution time in minutes$ """
print(end.tm_min - start.tm_min)
"""Total execution time in seconds$ """
print(end.tm_sec - start.tm_sec)

Later answer, but I use the built-in timeit:

import timeit
code_to_test = """
a = range(100000)
b = []
for i in a:
    b.append(i*2)
"""
elapsed_time = timeit.timeit(code_to_test, number=500)
print(elapsed_time)
# 10.159821493085474

• Wrap all your code, including any imports you may have, inside code_to_test.
• number argument specifies the amount of times the code should repeat.
• Demo

answered Feb 25, 2020 at 0:15

Timeit is a class in Python used to calculate the execution time of small blocks of code.

Default_timer is a method in this class which is used to measure the wall clock timing, not CPU execution time. Thus other process execution might interfere with this. Thus it is useful for small blocks of code.

A sample of the code is as follows:

from timeit import default_timer as timer

start= timer()

# Some logic

end = timer()

print("Time taken:", end-start)

answered Apr 16, 2020 at 10:40

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answered Apr 8, 2015 at 0:24

answered Jul 31, 2017 at 15:13